Psalm 14 and Romans 3 in Vaticanus, Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus

[Steven Avery]

Misinformation in Vaticanus in earlier writings to be corrected (e.g. Delitzsch, Jarvis)

Sinaiticus to be checked for hints of its late production.

 

[Steven Avery]

From Robert Lee Vaughn - maybe also in Facebook?
https://www.facebook.com/groups/467217787457422/posts/1315539195958606/?comment_id=1317642042414988

Vaticanus of Psalm 13 (Greek OT)

n. Psalms in Vaticanus is in two columns and it just keeps tracking down, nothing like that in the margin (the numbers are). Take a look at it yourself and see what you think. Go to the following url: https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.gr.1209 There are a couple of ways you can get there. From the main page, select "thumbnail view" near the top right. Find thumbnail number 630 and click on it. That is the one that has Psalm 14 (Psalm 13 in the LXX) starting about halfway down in the right hand column. It finishes on the next page (631).

Vaticanus
https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.gr.1209
This is 631 small

First four lines are the end of Psalm 13 (do match on formatting)
However Psalm 14 seems to not match formatting.

 

[Steven Avery]

Sinaiticus compared to Vaticanus.
www.codex-sinaiticus.net/en/manuscript.aspx?foliono=3&quireno=59&side=v

All of v. 3 -13- 18 seems to be identical in Romans and Psalm.

This is Psalm 13 (Greek OT)

14 Lines
ειϲ το τελοϲ τω δαυειδ ψαλμοϲ
ιγ
ειπεν αφρων εν καρδια αυτου
ουκ εϲτιν θϲ
διεφθειραν και εβδελυχθηϲαν εν
επιτηδευμαϲιν
ουκ εϲτιν ποιων χρηϲτοτητα ουκ ε
ϲτιν εωϲ ενοϲ
2
κϲ εκ του ουρανου διεκυψεν επι τουϲ
υιουϲ των ανθρωπων
του ϊδειν ει εϲτιν ϲυνιων η εκζη
των τον θν
3
παντεϲ εξεκλειναν αμα ηχρεωθηϲα
ουκ εϲτιν ο ποιων χρηϲτοτητα
ουκ εϲτιν εωϲ ενοϲ

(Bracketed Section - 10 lines)
ταφοϲ ανεωγμενοϲ ο λαρυγξ αυτω
ταιϲ γλωϲϲαιϲ αυτων εδολιουϲαν
ιοϲ αϲπιδων υπο τα χειλη αυτων
ων το ϲτομα αραϲ και πικριαϲ γεμει
οξειϲ οι ποδεϲ αυτων εκχεαι αιμα
ϲυντριμμα και ταλαιπωρια εν ταιϲ
οδοιϲ αυτων
και οδον ειρηνηϲ ουκ εγνωϲαν
ουκ εϲτιν φοβοϲ θυ απεναντι τω
οφθαλμων αυτων

Rest of Chapter 3, (15 lines)

4
ουχι γνωϲονται παντεϲ οι εργαζο
μενοι την ανομιαν
οι εϲθιοντεϲ τον λαον μου βρωϲει
αρτου τον κν ουκ επεκαλεϲαντο
5
εκει εδιλιαϲαν φοβον ου ουκ ην
φοβοϲ
οτι ο θϲ εν γενεα δικαια
6
βουλην πτωχου κατηϲχυνατε
οτι κϲ ελπιϲ αυτου εϲτιν
7
τιϲ δωϲει εκ ϲιων το ϲωτηριον
του ϊϲραηλ
εν τω επιϲτρεψαι κν την αιχμαλω
ϲιαν του λαου αυτου
αγαλλιαϲεται ϊακωβ και ευφρανθη
‾̷‾
ϲεται ϊϲραηλ
===================================
Chapter 14 begins (4 lines to end of column)

Psalm 14 14:1 (4 lines to end of column)
ψαλμοϲ τω δαυειδ
ιδ
κε τιϲ παροικηϲει εν τω ϲκηνωματι ϲου
και τιϲ καταϲκηνωϲει εν τω ορει
τω αγιω ϲου

Rest of Chapter 14 (16 lines)

=======================================================

COMPARE THIS PSALM 12 TO VATICANUS
First five lines seem to match, then diverge.

Psalm 12 (earlier page)
http://www.codex-sinaiticus.net/en/...lioNo=3&lid=en&quireNo=59&side=v&zoomSlider=3

12:1
ειϲ το τελοϲ ψαλμοϲ τω δαυειδʼ

2ιβ
εωϲ ποτε κε επιληϲη μου ειϲ τελοϲ
εωϲ ποτε αποϲτρεψειϲ το προϲω
πον ϲου απ εμου

3
εωϲ τινοϲ θηϲομαι βουλαϲ εν
ψυχη μου
οδυναϲ εν καρδια μου ημεραϲ ┬
εωϲ ποτε ϋψωθηϲεται ο εχθροϲ
μου επ εμε

4
επιβλεψον ειϲακουϲον κε ο θϲ μου
φωτιϲον τουϲ οφθαλμουϲ μου
μηποτε ϋπνωϲω ειϲ θανατο

5
μηποτε ειπη ο εχθροϲ μου ϊϲχυ
ϲα προϲ αυτον
οι θλιβοντεϲ με αγαλλιαϲονται εαν
ϲαλευθω


Last five lines of Psalm 12, beginning of page

Codex Sinaiticus - See The Manuscript | Psalms |

Codex Sinaiticus is one of the most important books in the world. Handwritten well over 1600 years ago, the manuscript contains the Christian Bible in Greek, including the oldest complete copy of the New Testament. The Codex Sinaiticus Project is an international collaboration to reunite the...

www.codex-sinaiticus.net

6
εγω δε επι τω ελεει ϲου ηλπιϲα
αγαλλιαϲεται η καρδια μου επι τω
ϲωτηριω ϲου
αϲω τω κω τω ευεργετηϲαντι με
και ψαλω τω ονοματι κυ του υψιϲτου

 

[Steven Avery]

Delitzsch

https://godrules.net/library/delitzsch/26delitzsch_e1.htm

The citations of the apostle which follow his quotation of the Psalm, from ta'fos aneoogme'nos to ape'nanti too'n ofthalmoo'n autoo'n were early incorporated in the Psalm in the Coinee' of the LXX. They appear as an integral part of it in the Cod. Alex., in the Greco-Latin Psalterium Vernonense, and in the Syriac Psalterium Mediolanense. They are also found in Apollinaris' paraphrase of the Psalms as a later interpolation; the Cod. Vat. has them in the margin; and the words su'ntrimma kai' talaipoori'a en tai's hodoi's autoo'n have found admittance in the translation, which is more Rabbinical than Old Hebrew, b|dar|keeyhem ra` uwpega` ra` mazaal even in a Hebrew codex (Kennicott 649). Origen rightly excluded this apostolic Mosaic work of Old Testament testimonies from his text of the Psalm; and the true representation of the matter is to be found in Jerome, in the preface to the xvi. book of his commentary on Isaiah. (Note: Cf. Plüschke's Monograph on the Milanese Psalterium Syriacum, 1835, p. 28-39.)

 

[Steven Avery]

Maybe Sinaiticus (and Vaticanus) are lined up to the Hebrew editions.

Jarvis
The Psalm which in the Hebrew canon is numbered 14, but in the Septuagint and Latin Vulgate 13, has only seven verses. The three interpolated verses occur between the third and fourth ; but as in the Prayer-book the first Hebrew
verse is divided and numbered one and two, the third is numbered four, and the fourth eight, and the three interpolated verses five, six, and seven. This interpolation seems to have been originally a marginal note, occasioned by the belief that St. Paul quoted this Psalm in Romans iii. 10-18.

For in the celebrated Vatican Manuscript, one of the oldest extant, these verses are written in the margin with this note: “These are placed nowhere in the Psalms; whence, therefore, the Apostle took them, must be a subject of inquiry.”*

• Montfaucon, Origenis Hexapla, tom. i. p. 492.
(( IIexapla ))

(1713) Montfaucon -
Hexaplorum Origenis Quae Supersunt Multis Partibus Auctiora, quàm a Flaminio Nobilio et Joanne Drusio edita fuerint: 1
https://books.google.com/books?id=ltNFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA492

The annotator was in part mistaken. St. Paul’s quotation, Rom. iii. 10—12, is an abridgment of the Hebrew Psalm xiv. 1-3; Rom. iii. 13 is from Psalm v. 9, and Psalm cxl. 3;f Rom., iii. 14 is from Psalm x. 7; Rom. iii. 15-17 is from Isaiah lix. 7, 8; Rom. iii. 18 is from Psalm xxxvi. 1,

 

[Steven Avery]

Alexandrinus, generally no.

Marika Pulkkinen (2020)
https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/314147/PAULSUSE.pdf

On the other hand, the following witnesses attest to the shorter text: 1. Codex Alexandrinus (A), dating to the fourth or fifth century"

“Since verses 13–18 agree verbatim with the majority of the manuscript evidence from LXX Psalm 13:3, I argue that the LXX manuscripts have been harmonized with Paul’s composition in Romans 3:10–18. This harmonizing expansion appears neither in Codex Alexandrinus nor in the Lucianic Text.”

All fine.

Hebrew is no.

 

[Steven Avery]

A Translation of the Psalter of Codex Sinaiticus
(compared with the Psalter of NETS)

by
Albert Pietersma
https://www.pdfdrive.com/codex-sinaiticus-or-codex-simonides-e55690101.html
USED in CSP
http://www.codex-sinaiticus.net/en/manuscript.aspx?foliono=3&quireno=59&side=v

=============================================
Regarding completion. Pertaining to Daueid. A Psalm.

13. The fool said in his heart,
“There is no G(o)d.”
They [caused corruption | became corrupt Sc] and were abominable
in their practices;
there is no one practicing kindness; there
is not even one.

2 The L(or)d peered down from the sky on the

sons of men
to see if there was any who had understanding or
who sought after G(o)d.

3 All turned away, as well they became useless;
there is not the [> Sc] one practicing kindness;
there is not even one.
[Their throat is an opened grave; > Sc]
[with their tongues they would deceive. > Sc]
[Venom of vipers is under their lips, > Sc]
[whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness. > Sc]
[Their feet are swift to shed blood; > Sc]
[ruin and misery are in > Sc ]
[ their ways, > Sc]
[and a way of peace they did not know. > Sc]

13

[There is no fear of G(o)d before > Sc]
[ their eyes. > Sc]

4 Shall they never learn, all those who practice

lawlessness?
Those who eat my people like eating
bread did not call upon the L(or)d.

5 There they dreaded [+ with Sc] fear, where there was no

fear,
because G(o)d [the L(or)d Sc] is with a righteous [> Sc]
generation [+ of righteous Sc].
6 The plan of the poor you put to shame,
because [but Sc] the L(or)d is his hope.
7 Who shall give out of Sion the deliverance

of Israel?
When the L(or)d returns the captivity
of his people,
Iakob will rejoice and Israel
will be glad.

 

[Steven Avery]

Differences...

(see v. 1 end: OUK in Sin on first line // Vat second line; also v 2 beginning: TOUS on first line in Sin, but second in Vat).

 

[Steven Avery]

20 + 4 = 24 of the 39 lines in Vaticanus
24 in Sinaiticus

6th line - OYK on Sinaiticus
is 7th line on Vaticanus OYKE

8th line on Sin - TOUS (hard to read)
9th Line on Vat - TOUS

Vat Sin

 

[Steven Avery]

Vaticanus 14 lines - Sinaiticus 15 lines

 

[Steven Avery]

Romans 3 - Vaticanus
Plate 1448
https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.gr.1209

 

[Steven Avery]

Alexandrinus is no.

Are Grabe, Breitinger and Zosimas similarly no?

 

[Steven Avery]

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Bryant Jacob Williams III - I definitely think that “deletion” is textually appropriate, in terms of our knowledge today.

However, that does not solve the puzzle of deciding what was the meaning that the brackets were meant to convey.

The Greek text was popular with the Psalms words in the early centuries. So marking the words for deletion would be unlikely.

Perhaps a commentator in the 1840-1860 period, with access to the Masoretic Text, would be more likely to show the deletion. Sinaiticus has a number of indications of awareness of the Hebrew Bible Masoretic Text, such as a paper by Paul Jouon on Hebraicisms in Tobit.