Vercelli Gospels - ink comparison given on codexsinaiticus.org

[Steven Avery]

Multi-spectral imaging for the Codex Sinaiticus
Barry Knight, Head of Conservation Research, The British Library
https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/project/conservation_msi.aspx

Unfortunately, there are no comparable analyses of inks on other Greek manuscripts of the 4th century. However, these results are consistent with the findings of an investigation of the Vercelli Gospels, written in Latin and probably dating from later in the 4th century. Using X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, it was shown that the original text was written using iron gall ink and vermilion, while later notes and additions were made using carbon and minium-based inks [6].

[6] Aceto, M., Agostino, A., Boccaleri, E. and Garlanda, A.C., The Vercelli Gospels laid open: an investigation into the inks used to write the oldest Gospels in Latin, X-ray Spectrometry 37 (2008) 286-292.

 

[Steven Avery]

BCHF
https://earlywritings.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1067

The Vercelli Gospels laid open: an investigation into the inks used to write the oldest Gospels in Latin (2008)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/xrs.1047/abstract

Abstract
An ancient religious manuscript datable to the 4th century A.D., the Codex Eusebii Evangeliorum or Vercelli Gospels, has been analysed by portable Raman and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. The manuscript belongs to the Cathedral Treasure Museum of Vercelli (Italy) and is reputed to be the oldest existent copy of the Gospels written in Latin, being therefore of particular relevance to biblical scholars. Red and black inks were characterised: minium and cinnabar were identified in red text, and carbon black and metal gallate in black text. Moreover, XRF spectrometry allowed discrimination of black inks with similar composition on the basis of metal impurities. The black ink was found to be of the iron-gall type, thus resulting in the oldest occurrence of the use of this kind of ink in Western manuscripts and allowing to date its introduction at least back to the 4th century A.D.; moreover, the hypothesis that a few pages had been written in a later time has been verified on the basis of differences in inks' composition.

And more discussion

 

[Steven Avery]

The Vercelli Gospels laid open: an investigation into the inks used to write the oldest Gospels in Latin

https://www.academia.edu/7577760/Th...nks_used_to_write_the_oldest_Gospels_in_Latin

Maurizio Aceto, 1,5* Angelo Agostino, 2,6 Enrico Boccaleri 3,5 and Anna Cerutti Garlanda 4

An ancient religious manuscript datable to the 4th century A.D., the Codex Eusebii Evangeliorum or Vercelli Gospels, has been analysed by portable Raman and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. The manuscript belongs to the Cathedral Treasure Museum of Vercelli (Italy) and is reputed to be the oldest existent copy of the Gospels written in Latin, being therefore of particular relevance to biblical scholars.

 

[Steven Avery]

The Vienna Genesis (2020)
Christa Hoffmann
https://tile.loc.gov/storage-servic...blic/20/20/71/84/94/2020718494/2020718494.pdf

Iron gall ink was mainly used for writing since at least the 4 th century A. D. The oldest occurrences were identified in the Vercelli Gospels20 and in the Codex Sinaiticus21 . Recently it has been shown that the use of iron gall ink as pigment for painting was more common than previously known22
. The occurrence of a paint made of iron gall ink in the Vienna Genesis is relevant as it seems to be one of the first evidences recorded so far.

20 Aceto et al., 2008.

21 Moorhead et al., 2015.

22 Aceto et al., 2017

Moorhead, G., S. Mazzarino, F. Marzo, and B. Knight. 2015. A physical perspective of Codex Sinaiticus: an overview from British Library. In Codex Sinaiticus: New perspectives on the ancient biblical manuscript, eds. S. McKendrick, D. Parker, A. Myshrall, C.
O’Hogan, 221–238. London: The British Library.

Aceto, M., A. Agostino, E. Boccaleri, and A. Cerutti Garlanda. 2008. The Vercelli Gospels laid open: an investigation into the inks used to write the oldest Gospels in Latin. X-Ray Spectrometry 37: 286–292

Mumford, J. 2008. The Codex Sinaiticus Project: Conservation work. Care and Conservation of Manuscripts.Vol. 10: 153–171.