the history of parchment production - iron gall ink corrosion

Steven Avery

Administrator
https://www.archives.gov/preservation/formats/paper-vellum.html#.

Even though the original vellum was created only from calf skin, the term later started describing any high grade parchment that was manufactured from any type of animal skin.


Vellum, a material made from animal skin, is used for both writing and printing on (Carter 216). It is quite similar to parchment and some bibliographers, such as Greetham, believe that the terms are virtually interchangeable (62). This differs to the position of others, such as Finkelstein and McCleery, who differentiate between the two. They classify parchment as a substance that is generally manufactured from the skin of a sheep or goat and vellum as a “finer-quality version of the same” which is made from calfskin or the skin of a different young animal (139). Whether or not one believes that they denote the same meaning, their significations are quite similar.



https://www.abaa.org/blog/post/the-history-of-vellum-and-parchment

The History Of Vellum And Parchment (2022)
‘Rich Rennicks

This fascinating blog post about the history of vellum and parchment is written by Richard Norman, an experienced British bookbinder now living in France, where he runs Eden Wookshops with his wife and fellow bookbinder, Margaret, specializing in Family Bibles and liturgical books. The article originally appeared on www.edenworkshops.com, and is reprinted below with the author's permission.
 
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Steven Avery

Administrator
https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/39603

Staedtler erasers help solve mystery of ultra-thin 13th c. parchment (2015)

The first pocket bibles were pandects (single-volume bibles) and were consistently organized which made them easy to scan for a particular passage, a handy tool for the student and itinerant preacher. The script was tiny, with each letter a mere two millimeters high, and of course written painstakingly by hand. Each page was made of a tissue-thin parchment known as uterine vellum, the key to the books’ portability. Without pages a fraction of a millimeter thick, the pocket bibles of the 13th century could not have existed.
 
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Steven Avery

Administrator
Bibliography
Carter, John. ABC for Book Collectors. New Castle: Oak Knoll Press, 1998. Print.
Eliot, Simon, Andrew Nash, and Ian Willison. “Introduction.” Literary Cultures and the Material Book. London: British Library, 2007. 1-29. Print.
Finkelstein, David and Alistair McCleery. An Introduction to Book History. New York: Routledge, 2005. Print.
Greetham, D.C. Textual Scholarship – An Introduction. London: Garland Publishing Inc., 1994. Print.
Howard, Nicole. The Book – The Life Story of a Technology. U.S.A.: Greenwood Press, 2005. Print.
Rota, Anthony. Apart from the text. Great Britain: St. Edmundsbury Press, 1998. Print.
“The Book of Kells”. Trinity College Dublin. 16 Oct. 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2013.
 

Steven Avery

Administrator
https://www.loc.gov/preservation/outreach/symposia/igi.html


Mark Sweeney, Director, Preservation, Library of Congress

Lynn Brostoff, Preservation Reserach and Testing Division, Library of Congress

Aldo A. Ponce, Visiting Scientist, Library of Congress

Karen J. Gaskell, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland - College Park
Academia.edu SENT

Richard C. Wolbers, Art Conservation Department, University of Delaware

Anthony F. Lagalante, Department of Chemistry, Villanova University

00:00​
Welcome and Introduction
Mark Sweeney, Director, Preservation, Library of Congress​
03:30​
A Complex Problem: Elucidation of Iron Gall Ink Chemistry Through Collaborative Research [PDF: 13 MB / 13 pp.]
Lynn Brostoff, Preservation Reserach and Testing Division, Library of Congress​
20:45​
New Insights into the Chemistry and Structure of Iron Gall Ink [PDF: 3 MB / 18 pp.]
Aldo A. Ponce, Visiting Scientist, Library of Congress​
47:45​
Iron Gall Ink Corrosion of Historical Documents Probed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy [PDF: 5 MB / 18 pp.]
Karen J. Gaskell, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland - College Park
Aldo Ponce, Visiting Scientist, Library of Congress
Lynn Brostoff, Preservation Research and Testing Division, Library of Congress​
1:19:40​
Two Dimensional EPR Imaging of Mixed Oxidation States in Iron Gall Ink Containing Papers: Towards a Treatment Evaluation Methodology
Richard C. Wolbers, Art Conservation Department, University of Delaware
Anthony F. Lagalante, Department of Chemistry, Villanova University​
 
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