the grid - horizontal and vertical lines - ruling - codicology resources

Steven Avery

Steven Avery

Administrator
This is using searches like “vertical line" and "Sinaiticus."

Related - Gavin Moorhead, and New Perspectives

PBF
Horizontal and Veritical Lines
https://www.purebibleforum.com/index.php?threads/horizontal-and-vertical-lines.3031/

One of the ones below from the British Library has pictures showing how the raking light lets you see these physical features and other good pics
https://blogs.bl.uk/collectioncare/...ks-as-objects-the-invisible-made-visible.html
and
https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/project/conservation_physDesc.aspx

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British Library
Textile Discovery in the Rare Books Reading Room
https://blogs.bl.uk/collectioncare/manuscripts/page/2/

What is A Grid and How to Create One Yourself
https://www.guidesandgrids.com/tutorials/what-is-a-grid-and-how-to-create-one-yourself/

Simonides’ New Testament Papyri: Their Production and Purported Provenance
https://themarginaliareview.com/sim...ri-their-production-and-purported-provenance/

Where are the Prickings? (1944)
Leslie Webber Jones
https://www.jstor.org/stable/283311

THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MEDIEVAL PAGE (2018)
ERIK KWAKKEL
12 COMMENTS
https://medievalbooks.nl/2018/09/07/the-architecture-of-the-medieval-page/

The Codicology of Ninth-Century Greek Manuscripts
Georgi Parpulov
https://www.academia.edu/19624444/The_Codicology_of_Ninth_Century_Greek_Manuscripts

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Will add some more from the “pricking” “Sinaiticus” search form”All”. - Hixson etc
 
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Steven Avery

Steven Avery

Administrator
Books

Berger
https://books.google.com/books?id=T5yZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA112

https://books.google.com/books?id=Qux5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57

https://books.google.com/books?id=UYOGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1...kIkEHTpvAxMQ9Ah6BAgIEAc&biw=876&bih=562&dpr=2

David C. Parker - search pricking

https://books.google.com/books?id=C4euvcSI_YMC&pg=PA134

https://books.google.com/books?id=qmy92ZolKikC&pg=PA9

Double Kloha
https://books.google.com/books?id=OAuJBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA29

Metzger
https://books.google.com/books?id=lA4WAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16

Jongkind

Robert Milburn
https://books.google.com/books?id=OcRTwsDq_Z4C&pg=PA294

Lampe
https://books.google.com/books?id=jTWlhe7wlN8C&pg=PA78

Samaritan
Alan David Crown
https://books.google.com/books?id=e5iW24esf-sC&pg=PA56

https://books.google.com/books?id=zOEzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA40

https://books.google.com/books?id=hwgXAAAAIAAJ
 
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Steven Avery

Steven Avery

Administrator
Dirk Jongkind
"One Codex, Three Scribes, and Many Books: Struggles with Space in Codex Sinaiticus,".
By Dirk Jongkind, in New Testament Manuscripts: Their Texts and Their World, ed. Thomas J. Kraus and Tobias Nicklas, Texts and Editions for New Testament Study; vol. 2 (Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2006), 121-35.
http://tyndalepublications.blogspot.com/2009/02/one-codex-three-scribes-and-many-books.html
Amazon
https://www.amazon.com/New-Testament-Manuscripts-Their-Editions/dp/9004149457
https://academic.oup.com/jts/article-abstract/59/1/254/1638982?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Worldcat
Manhattanville-Purchase Fairfield
NYU New School Metropolitan CCNY
Hofstra
Princeton Yale

If more than one scribe are working simultaneously on different part of the same manuscripts, how do they fit the pieces together? In Sinaiticus the scribes calculated how much space each scribe would need, so that the next part could be started. This calculation went sometimes wrong with the result that the scribes had to do all sorts of things to cover up their error.

John Granger Cook REVIEW
TC
http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/v12/KrausNicklas-eds2007rev.pdf
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Steven Avery

Steven Avery

Administrator
A Study of the Gospels in Codex Alexandrinus: Codicology Palaeography and Scribal Hands
William Andrew Smith - Dissertation Thesis
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct...&isAllowed=y&usg=AOvVaw10cO-OaoxjMUkwRNaG4cNs

Ruling
The ruling of vellum manuscripts was produced by impressing a hard, blunt object in
a straight line across the writing surface in order to create an indention on one side
and typically producing a protrusion on the other;20 a straightedge was used to guide
the marking of the writing surface. With regard to horizontal ruling, Alexandrinus
and Sinaiticus “are ruled from the inner edge (the ‘gutter’) to the outer margin.”^1 hi
Alexandrinus (as in Vaticanus and Sinaiticus), vertical rulings also bound the left and
right margins of the columns (with a small margin between the columns). Letters are
written upon the horizontal ruling in the codex, as opposed to the later practice of
writing letters that hang from the ruling in the Greek minuscule;22 Hatch asserted that
letters in Alexandrinus “were sometimes on the line and sometimes the line passes
through the letters.”23

The ruling is not uniform throughout the manuscript, however. The British
Library’s Summary Catalogue of Greek Manuscripts identifies the ruling found in
Alexandrinus as Leroy’s category “X (also Xab, Y, and variable XYZ) 00A2 and
(from 1 D.vii.fl8) four extra verticals to mark indented lines, perhaps describable as
K-X 20A2.”~4 Type 00A2 describes a format in which horizontal ruling extends the
entire width of the page and two columns are marked with left and right bounds, with
a gap between the right boundary of the first column and the left boundary of the
second column. Type 20A2 is the same as 00A2, except the outer boundaries of the
two columns are ruled twice (close together). The “four extra verticals” appear in the
third volume of the OT, in which all of the poetical books are written. The X types
are used to describe formats in which every other horizontal line is ruled, with some
every-line rulings occurring at the top and bottom of the page only (Xab). The more
complex Y and Z types involve horizontal ruling that does not extend the width of
the page, ending instead at a vertical ruling point.

1681819816430.png


Regarding variations in the ruling patterns for the manuscript, Thompson
likewise noted that:

In rare instances lines are found ruled on both sides of the leaf, as in some parts of
the Codex Alexandrinus. In this MS. also, and in some other early codices, ruling
was not drawn for every line of writing, but was occasionally spaced so that some
lines of the text lay in the spaces while others stood on the ruled lines.25

Unfortunately, this variety of ruling types is impossible to profile among the scribal
hands without physical access to the manuscript, for the ruling is difficult to see with
any consistency in the facsimile editions of the codex.

20 Thompson, Greek and Latin Palaeography, 57.

21 Thomas S. Pattie, “Creation of the Great Codices,” in The Bible as Book: The Manuscript
Tradition, ed. John L. Sharpe El and Kimberly Van Kampen (London: The British Library and Oak
Knoll Press, 1998), 64.

22 Pattie, 64.

23 William Henry Paine Hatch, The Principal Uncial Manuscripts of the New Testament
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1939), Plates XVII-XIX. Unfortunately, Hatch references no
examples of the latter.

24 The British Library, Summary Catalogue of Greek Manuscripts, vol. 1 (London: The
British Library, 1999), 223. Descriptions of the ruling types are taken from Julien Leroy, Les Types
de reglure des manuscrits grecs (Paris: Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique,
1976).
 
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Steven Avery

Steven Avery

Administrator
More detail to what is above

William Andrew Smith
https://books.google.com/books?id=pWHPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA119
Also in PDFs

Thompson In rare instances lines are found ruled on both sides of the leaf, as in some parts of the Codex Alexandrinus. In this ms. also, and in some other early codices, ruling was not drawn for every line of writing, but was occasionally spaced so that some lines of the text lay in the spaces while others stood on the ruled lines.25

25 Thompson, Greek and Latin Palaeography, 58. Pattie concurs: “Alexandrinus and Sinaiticus are ruled roughly every other line, but the exact pattern varies considerably" (“Creation of the Great Codices," 64).

A Study of the Gospels in Codex Alexandrinus

Pattie is a paper in this book
https://www.worldcat.org/formats-editions/37282227

Thompson seems to start more on p. 54
https://books.google.com/books?id=wYjgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA54

An Introduction to Greek and Latin Palaeography
 
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Steven Avery

Steven Avery

Administrator
Where are the Prickings?
Leslie Webber Jones
Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 75 (1944), pp. 71-86 (16 pages)

Where are the Prickings? on JSTOR

Leslie Webber Jones, Where are the Prickings?, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 75 (1944), pp. 71-86
www.jstor.org www.jstor.org

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Steven Avery

Steven Avery

Administrator
Scribal Habits
Dirk Jongkind
https://dokumen.pub/scribal-habits-of-codex-sinaiticus-9781463211592.html

Non-Textual Characteristics

The quality of the parchment used for Sinaiticus is very high. Tom Pattie notes that very few leaves have holes in them, which means that the parchment must have been selected carefully.18 Still, some original holes in the parchment do occur every now and then; these can be recognised by the fact that the writing continues without interruption in the text at the other side of the disturbance. Milne and Skeat describe how a quire was pricked and ruled. By pricking tiny holes through the sheets, the anchor points for the actual ruling were created. The vertical lines for the width of the columns was set by the pricking in the upper and lower margin, while a series of pricks from top to bottom set the anchor points for the horizontal ruling. The quire was provisionally fastened together and laid open upside down, the outside sheet was ruled over both pages as a whole, and subsequently each opening showing the flesh side was ruled, thus ruling pages of two different sheets at the same time (except for the central opening of a quire). By doing this the result was that on each opening showing the flesh side both facing pages had exactly the same ruling. Care had to be taken that the sheets in the quire did not move during the pricking and ruling. In the first half of the codex this was achieved by whipping the quire over with crossing stitches of narrow vellum strips; for the latter half the technique was changed to gluing the outer three sheets onto the central sheet with thick glue. To do this, an incision of about 1–1½ inches was made into the fold at its head and tail.19 The change of technique halfway through shows not only that the procedure was not standardised from the outset, but also that each of the two halves of the manuscript was produced in order. The pattern of the horizontal ruling differs from quire to quire: sometimes each line is ruled, sometimes every other or every third line, and often we find combinations of these. It has not been possible to link these diverse patterns with individual scribes. Folio and page Each individual leaf has a hair and flesh side; the position of a leaf in a quire determines which of the two forms the recto. Despite the fact that the flesh side initially looks brighter, it suffers more over time and nowadays the T.S. Pattie, “The Creation of the Great Codices”, in The Bible as Book: The Manuscript Tradition, ed. J.L. Sharpe III and K. Van Kampen (London; New Castle: British Library; Oak Knoll Press, 1998), 64. 19 Milne-Skeat, 73. Exceptions are noted as well: the outer sheet of quire 40 is ‘foreign’, the cancel-leaves in the NT do not have the ruling of that of the rest of the quire, and quire 90 shows individual ruling of each sheet. 18

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Steven Avery

Steven Avery

Administrator
Here are some details of pages of the Codex Sinaiticus taken with raking light.

19 February 2018
Digitising books as objects: The invisible made visible
Book conservator Flavio Marzo explores how the experience for users of online library material surrogates could be easily improved by enhancing invisible physical features of books.
blogs.bl.uk

Digitising books as objects: The invisible made visible

Book conservator Flavio Marzo explores how the experience for users of online library material surrogates could be easily improved by enhancing invisible physical features of books. Working as a book conservator within digitisation projects has been my job for many years. I started in 2006, only...
blogs.bl.uk blogs.bl.uk


A page of the Codex Sinaiticus cast with raking light. This light has revealed the ruling lines, both horizontally and vertically, used to keep the text in place. An image of the Codex Sinaiticus as viewed from the top of the page looking down, under raking light conditions. The light has revealed the scraping of the surface of the parchment. The image also shows pricking holes, circled in red, which was done as an aide for ruling the page as an aide for the scribes.
In the previous images the source of light is now helping us to appreciate this famous manuscript on a completely different level.


Horizontal and vertical lines, holes pierced through the page, and scratch marks now appear clearly. They are traced on the surface of the pages for a purpose; those are features related to the page preparation that happened before the text was traced onto it.


The ‘bounding lines’ (vertical) and the ‘writing lines’ (horizontal) are impressed with a blind (not too sharp) tool onto the parchment sheets. The holes, highlighted with red circles in the second image, are used as a reference. This is known as pricking holes for the ruling of the page to provide the scribes with a guide for writing.


The scratches visible on the surface of the page are most likely the marks left by the pumice stone. The pumice stone was commonly used to prepare the surface of the abraded parchment sheet to make it more absorbent and therefore improve the grasp between the grease substrate and the writing ink.


Thanks to this lighting system it is also possible to see the direction of the indentation of those lines and holes. This information can help codicologists, even from the comfort of their homes, to understand from which side of the folio they were traced and pierced and so recreate the step by step process of the creation of an ancient manuscript.
 
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