metaphorical constructio ad sensum

[Steven Avery]

with Alexander Thomson

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[Steven Avery]

Thomas Naeogeorgus on Greek grammar of Bible verse - Textkit Greek and Latin Forums

Take a look at the entry for μαρτυρέω in LSJ:

A.“μαρτυρηθήσομαι” Is.8.13, D.19.40; μαρτυρήσομαι in pass. sense, X. (v.infr. 9), D. 57.37: aor. ἐμαρτυρήθην: pf. “μεμαρτύρημαι” Antipho 6.16, used in act. sense, LXX Ge.43.3:—bear witness, give evidence:—Constr.:
1. abs., Simon. 4.7, Pi.I.5(4).48; “μαρτυροῦντι πιστεύειν” Antipho 2.2.7; “ἐξέστω καὶ τοῖς δούλοις μαρτυρεῖν” PLille29.20 (iii B.C.), cf.SIG953.19 (Calymna, ii B.C.), etc.
2. c. dat. pers., bear witness to or in favour of another, confirm what he says, A.Eu.594, Hdt. 8.94, etc.; μαρτυρέει μοι τῇ γνώμῃ, ὅτι . . bears witness to my opinion, that . . , Id.2.18, cf. 4.29; “μαρτυρεῖς σαυτῷ” E.Ion 532; esp. bear favourable witness to, give a good report of a person, IG22.657 (iii B.C.), etc.; “πάντες ἐμαρτύρουν αὐτῷ” Eu. Luc.4.22. b. c. dat. rei, “μ. τῇ διαθήκῃ” POxy.494.33 (ii A.D.), etc.
3. c. acc. rei, testify to a thing, Alc. 102, Pi.O.13.108, S.Ant.515, Pl.Phdr.244d; “μ. τινί τι” Pi.O.6.21, A.Supp.797 (lyr.).
4. “μ. περί τινος” Pl.Ap. 21a; “ὑπέρ τινος” D.29.54.
5. c. inf., testify that a thing is, Heraclit. 34, S.OC1265, etc.; τίς σοι μαρτυρήσει ταῦτ᾽ ἐμοῦ κλύειν; that he heard . . ? Id.Tr.422, cf. E.Hipp.977; “ὁ κληθεὶς μαρτυρείτω ἀληθῆ μαρτυρεῖν” PHal.1.225 (iii B.C.): rarely c. part., “μαρτυρεῖτέ [μοι] . . ῥινηλατούσῃ” A.Ag.1184; “μ. τισὶ παραγινομέναις” D.H. 8.46.
6. μ. τινὶ ὡς . . A.Ag. 494, cf. Pl.Grg.523c; “σώματα . . ὡς ἔστιν, αὐτὴ ἡ αἴσθησις . . μ.” Epicur. Ep.1p.6U.; μ. ὅτι . . X.Vect.4.25.
7. μ. τινὶ τῆς συμμαχίας testify to, acknowledge the value of his alliance, J.AJ13.5.3.
8. c. acc. cogn., “μαρτυρίαν μ.” Is. 11.25, Pl.Erx.399b; μ. ἀκοήν give hearsay evidence, D.57.4; μ. ψεῦδος, ψεύδη, bear false witness, Amips. 13, Diph. 32.16; “τὰ ψευδῆ” Lys. 19.4; “τἀληθῆ” Aeschin. 1.46:—Pass., “μαρτυρίαι μαρτυρηθεῖσαι” D. 47.1; “μεμαρτύρηταί τι περί τινος” Antipho 6.16, cf. Lys. 13.66.
9. impers. in Pass., παρ᾽ ἄλλου ποιητοῦ μαρτυρεῖται testimony is borne by . . , Pl.Prt.344d; οἶδα . . μαρτυρήσεσθαί μοι ὅτι . . X.Mem.4.8.10, cf.Ap.26; μεμαρτύρηται ὑμῖν testimony has been given before you, Lys. 19.55, Is.9.5.
10. Pass., μαρτυρεῖταί μοι σοφία is ascribed to me, D.H. 2.26; μαρτυροῦμαι ἐμπειρίαν I have it ascribed to me, Plu. 2.58a, cf. Luc.Sacr.10; “καλοκἀγαθίαν μαρτυρούμενος” J.AJ 15.10.5; μαρτυροῦμαι ἐπί τινι I bear a character for . . , Ath. 1.25 f; ἄνδρας μαρτυρουμένους men whose character is approved by testimony, Act.Ap.6.3; “τεχνίτας . . μαρτυρηθέντας ὑπό τινος” SIG799.28 (Cyzicus, i A.D.); “δι᾽ ὅλης οἰκουμένης μαρτυρούμενον θεόν” Sammelb.1070 (Abydos).
II. Astrol., to be in aspect with, c. dat., Ptol.Tetr.123; “μ. τὴν μοῖραν” Cat.Cod.Astr.7.226:—Pass., Nech. ap. Vett.Val. 279.23.

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/tex ... arture%2Fw

The meaning of this word is literally to "act as a witness," "to give testimony as a witness in court," "to testify." It can be applied metaphorically in various meanings (e.g., "confirm"), and the subject can be a fact, as a opposed to a person, but I don't see any instances cited in LSJ where μαρτυρει is applied, not to a person, but to a physical thing, such as breath, blood or water (or, in your examples, a phone log, tire tracks or a bloody glove). It's possible to speak of things bearing witness, i.e., providing evidence," in English, but the Greek verb μαρτυρειν doesn't seem to lend itself to such a usage--it is generally used of human individuals. Using μαρτυρειν of blood, water and breath, as in this text, is a metaphor, a deliberately striking metaphor, which involves metaphorically attributing the capacity to bear witness or give testimony, i.e., human personality--in fact, male human personality--to these things. The inanimate things are portrayed here as human beings standing under oath on the witness stand. So the gender of the participle is masculine, and not neuter. There is no question here of "the connected neuter nouns" being "grammatically orphaned away from their participle and grammar." This is just an unusual metaphorical usage of μαρτυρειν that is intended to be dramatic and striking, in a text that is known for its colorful expressions. This is rhetoric, not grammar.
Last edited by Hylander on Tue May 31, 2016 6:13 pm, edited 5 times in total.

 

[Steven Avery]

Daniel Wallace

constructio ad sensum

NOTES: Check work done on this on 1 Timothy 3:16 (done, it is mostly a different study, although it would be nice to keep them in the same mix) ========= constructio ad sensum constructio ad synesis constructio kata synesins sense figure sense construction „Konstruktion auf den Sinn hin“...

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at one time, Barry Hofstetter